Radiation hazards and safety measures pdf

Navy professionals are very safety conscious and, as a result, the number of accidents that occur on the job is small. For questions and contributions on the subject matter, feel free to contact the us at. Radiation protection checklists are tools used to confirm regulatory compliance, inspect equipment and identify hazards from radiation overexposure. It strips away electrons from atoms breaks some chemical bonds. When deciding on the best protective measures to take consider. Low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of longer term effects such as cancer. In the military these hazards are segregated as follows. Pdf knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. The operating organization, through its managers, is responsible for the establishment and implementation of technical and organizational measures needed to ensure protection and safety, and compliance with all relevant regulatory and legislative requirements 6. Radiation nonionizing ionizing low radio microwave infrared visible uv uv alpha frequency frequency beta a b c gamma xray largewavelength smallwavelength lowfrequency highfrequency figure 18. This section provides information to help employers and workers recognize ionizing radiation hazards in the workplace. Health and safety planning guide for protecting responders. A serious danger of radiation hazard could be caused by a nuclear explosion or an accident at a nuclear power plant in finland or its nearby areas.

Some people are more likely to develop cancer from radiation exposure than. I believe the topic work at height hazards and control measures has been well covered. The california emf program also published policy options in the face of possible risk from power frequency electric and magnetic fields emf cdc pdf pdf. The following section briefly describes these potential hazards and discusses some protective measures for the specific hazards. While some exposure to radiation is acceptable in medical practice, it should be understood that levels of radiation.

How to reduce radiation risk international medcom, inc. Risk reduction is usually an automatic process for most potential hazards. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices. In assessing the hazards of radiation in the range of very low. Frequency is measured by counting the number of waves that pass a.

Acute health effects such as skin burns or acute radiation syndrome can occur when doses of radiation exceed certain levels. Pdf radiation safety for the speechlanguage pathologist. When these measures are overlooked or ignored, however, welders can encounter such dangers as electric. At sufficiently high flux levels, various bands of electromagnetic radiation have been found to cause deleterious health effects in people. Apr 29, 2016 as the use of ionizing radiation increases, so does the potential for health hazards if not properly used or contained. Our team of over 140 specially trained safety experts. Although, most of the participants demonstrated positive attitude towards radiation safety 88. It s something that we do every day, whether we are conscious about it or not. Dec 04, 2014 radiation hazards and safety veterinary 1. But they are an internal hazard if it get inside the body through ingestion or via a wound, etc. The purpose of the containment building is to keep the radioactive gases and particles.

The higher the radiation dose, the greater the chance of developing cancer. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation control. Communicating radiation risks in paediatric imaging information to support healthcare discussions about benefit and risk 29 chapter 2. Aug 17, 2012 use of the radiation monitoringdevices users may receive a dosimeter badge or ring to monitor radiation exposure. Radiation injury causes changes in theliving tissues causing radiation sicknesssomatic effects harmful to the persongenetic effects reflected in the offspring. Alpha decay is a beta radiation method of decay in large consists of an energetic nuclei. Aug 01, 2016 although, most of the participants demonstrated positive attitude towards radiation safety 88. Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into two types. Radiation gamma radiation consists of photons with a frequency of greater than 1019 hz. The information is updated as changes are made at the site, and annual site audits are performed to ensure the safety. People are exposed to natural sources of ionizing radiation, such as in soil, water, and vegetation, as well as in humanmade sources, such as xrays and medical devices.

Periodic inservice training and monitoring on radiation safety was suggested. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices and. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards and solutions. Two film badges should be used one at the belt level to monitor whole body exposure and the other above the protective apparel, at the neckline, to estimate exposure to the skin of the head, neck and eyes. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Radiation protection concepts and principles new health technologies and medical devices using ionizing radiation have led to major improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Gamma radiation occurs to rid the decaying nucleus of excess energy after it has emitted either alpha or beta radiation. Radiation radiation is a process by which energy is transmitted through space or matter.

Hazards in the use of xray analytical instrumentation of ionizing radiation that deposits 100 ergsgm of energy in the absorber. Recommend methods and procedures to prevent spread of radioactive contamination. In many countries, laboratory work is subject by health and safety legislation. Radiation measurements were taken in some electric field zones in a typical city in order to quantify the investigation. This section provides information on controlling ionizing radiation hazards and preventing dose. Download the occupational health and safety books pdf to boost your career in occupational health and safety.

Ionizing radiation can damage living tissue in the human body. When these measures are overlooked or ignored, however, welders can encounter such dangers as electric shock, overexposure to fumes and gases, arc radiation. Hazards in the use of xray analytical instrumentation. Access resources designed to assist you in providing effective imaging and therapy while minimizing the risk during exposure to ionizing radiation. Because of the difficulties of performing actual microwaverf radiation surveys near field measurements, cost of equipment, etc. Beta particles can be stopped by the walls of a room or by a sheet of plastic about 1. However, reproduction in whole or in part for purposes of. Nonionizing radiation safety manual environment, health. Frequency is measured by counting the number of waves that pass a fixed point in one second. As a general rule limiting exposure to alpha and beta radiation is an important safety practice.

The goal of dental radiography is to obtain diagnostic information while keeping the exposure to the patient and dental staff at minimum levels. Electromagnetic radiation hazards 5 summary of current ansi standards for exposure to nonionizing radiation. If you work with radiation, or if you work in an area where radiation is used, learn your companys procedures for radiation safety, and apply the safety practices discussed in this weeks tail gate safety topic. When the beta particle is slowed down or stopped, secondary x radiation known as bremsstrahlung may be produced. Once inside the body they disintegrate, causing serious damage to the surrounding tissue within few microns depth. Static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields cdc pdf external monograph by the international agency for research on cancer iarc monographs, volume 80 2002 this risk assessment is part of a highlyrespected international program to evaluate all carcinogens. Cdc emf electric and magnetic fields niosh workplace. Iaeas safety services encompass design, siting and engineering safety, operational safety, radiation safety, safe transport of radioactive material and safe management of radioactive waste, as well as governmental organization, regulatory matters and safety culture in or ganizations. These hazards result from high levels of rf radiation, xray emissions, the necessity of working aloft, and the generation of extremely high voltages. This safety report summarizes good and current state of the art practices in industrial radiography and provides technical advice on radiation protection and safety.

You cannot see it, you cannot hear it, you cannot smell it but. Work at height regulation to ensure working at height safely. The information will be available online or through 247 call centers. Fisher safety is one of americas leading suppliers of safety products and services and. Basic principals of radiation safety the goal of radiation safety is to keep all radiation exposures as low as reasonably achievable alara. Radiation hazards radiation hazard radhaz describes the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels, electronic hardware, ordnance, and personnel. Institutions in nepal still lack the adequate standards to maintain radiation. Employers must have a safety data sheet in the workplace for each hazardous chemical in the workplace. The rf safety summary sheet is designed to be an integral tool in establishing a national rf radiation safety protocol to ensure that no one is overexposed to rf radiation while working near wireless antennas. Health and safety planning guide for protecting responders following a nuclear detonation.

Division of radiation safety, bhabha atomic research center, trombay, bombay for calculating radiation dose. The first two sections on this page describe two sources of ionizing radiation. The chance of developing cancer, not the seriousness of the cancer, increases as the radiation dose increases. A local radiation hazard situation can be caused by, for example, an accident when transporting radioactive substances. In larger organizations, the control of radiation hazards is the responsibility of specialists known as health physicists or, sometimes, health chemists. See the control and prevention page for information about control measures.

Their main duty is to ensure that work is carried out without hazard to the health of the people involved. This means that even if exposures are acceptable, if there is a reasonable way to reduce. The radiation exposure usually results from diagnostic as well as therapeutic radiation devices. Radiation protection and safety in industrial radiography is thus of great importance in both developed and developing countries. Radiation, like many potentially harmful things, is a very useful tool and can be safely controlled. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards. The pdf book consists of total elements separated in 2 parts, the first part is having 5 elements and 8 elements in 2nd part. Descriptive analysis was made to get summary values of knowledge about ionizing radiation related hazards, ionizing radiation protective measures, radiation imaging history, sociodemographic variables and check for outliers, inconsistencies and missed values.

Guidelines on prevention of radiation hazards for workers. The purpose of a radiation safety interlock system is to prevent worker exposure and injury from high radiation levels. Management of radiation safety and safety culture 2. Beta emitters are internal radiation hazards when taken inside the body.

This is most recommended book for hse professionals to help them to improve health and safety culture at their workplace. A radiation safety interlock system is a device that automatically shuts off or reduces the radiation emission rate from radiation producing equipment gamma or xray equipment or accelerator. Mission and purpose radiation safety research integrity. Radiation hazards electromagnetic radiation absorbed dose. Periodic in service training and monitoring on radiation safety was suggested. Nonetheless, absorption of ionizing radiation energy by body tissues causes changes to the chemical makeup of living cells. Here is some basic information to help you minimize your dose and risk. Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Introduction to radiation canadian nuclear safety commission. An internal radiation hazard arises when radioactive material is taken into the body and its control is exercised by controlling the levels of contamination in the environment. The goal of the radiation safety office is to keep radiation exposure to university personnel, members of the public, and the environment as low as reasonably achievable alara and in compliance with state and federal regulations. Finally, the result was presented in the form of tables. When we have been in the sun too long our body usually tells us it. The pdf is one of the best occupational health and safety books to download.

Fisher safety is one of americas leading suppliers of safety products and services and controlled environment supplies. Alpha radiation alpha source is not an external hazard to the body. Regular radiation selfinspections should be conducted when working with radiation equipment or handling radioactive material. Ionizing radiation has many beneficial applications, including uses. Data has shown that a wholebody averaged sar of 4 wkg is acceptable, and subsequently the standard was set at 0. Occupational safety and health administration 200 constitution ave nw washington, dc 20210 8003216742 osha tty. Access resources such as the acr guidance document for safe mr practices and information on mr contrast agents. This section does not address the range of nonradiological safety and health hazards for workers in occupational settings with ionizing radiation hazards. Regular radiation selfinspections should be conducted when working with radiation equipment or. Safety data sheets 8 what are the sections of an sds. Radiation hazards an overview sciencedirect topics. Pwgsc catalogue number cc172932012e pdf isbn 9781100215723 published by the canadian nuclear safety commission cnsc extracts from this document may be reproduced for individual use without permission provided the source is fully acknowledged. The book introduction to occupational health and safety pdf is an ideal solution to successfully clear nebosh international general certificate and nebosh national general certificate exams as well. Knowledge about radiation related health hazards and.

Safety and health topics ionizing radiation control and. When we pull our car out from a side street onto a main. Radiation safety for the speechlanguage pathologist. Common sense and some basic information can greatly reduce radiation exposure and risk for most people. Safety practices in welding introduction arc welding is a safe occupation when sufficient measures are taken to protect the welder from potential hazards. Radiation hazards free download as powerpoint presentation. Unlike some other types of energy, such as heat infrared radiation or visible light, the human body cannot sense exposure to ionizing radiation. This would contribute to increasing public awareness, taking measures to evade hazards, and regulating and monitoring the use of electricity. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards and.

Cancers caused by radiation do not appear until years after the radiation exposure. In most nuclear power plants, the reactor is surrounded by a gastight containment building, built to withstand high pressure. Radiation safety is a major concern in this modern era of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology. Laboratory hazards safety guide protecting what matters most. The second unit is the rem roentgenequivalentman which is the absorbed dose in rads corrected for the equivalent absorption of the radiation in living tissue. Ionizing radiation, health effects and protective measures. State the general considerations for radiation safety. For external radiation exposure hazards, the basic protection measures are associated with.